One of my many ambitions is to bring the fuller frock coats back into a modern world, and hopefully in many different ways: from bridal to period to daily grind. I've seen (and own) renditions of period frocks made by modern popular labels, and it's here and there. But largely the pieces have just enough over-the-top about them that it precludes daily and often business casual from its levels of appropriateness. Perhaps I will find a way.
The function of the frock coat allows free movement of the arm, insulation, and airflow. Seems a bit contradictory to have sleeves with bulging sleeves and have free arm movement. The key is in the C curve of the wide sleeve and the bell cuff. If you have to reach out and straighten your arm, it draws the cuff away from your hand, but when doing most casual tasks with bent arms, the sleeves float and don't put bulk on the inside of your elbow. The large cuff has some practical purposes - it allows the sleeve to be shortened or lengthened by just changing the buttons, it allows a wet coat to be removed more easily, and of course it is an embellished display of wealth and status.
And that breathable but insulating factor? Insulation is essentially a pocket of air between outside and inside that buffers the inside temperature from that of the outside. Thick fleecy layers accomplish this, but so does just having air between the body and the outer layer of a garment. The sleeves and the "skirt" of the frock allow air in so the garment is breathable, unlike a fleece, but it also - when standing - traps the warm air rising away from the cooler outside. Any kilt wearers out there know what happens on a cold day once you finally sit down... or give your pleats a little twirl...
Thus, in my personal estimation, and not too unlike a kilt, the frock coats of the 17-18th centuries are quite the perfect garment.

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